Appendicitis is a type of common surgical crisis in the world, as one out of every 20 individuals succumbs to it at some point in his/her life. It is a situation that comes about when your appendix gets inflamed and infected, and therefore needs immediate medical care to avoid severe complications.
Knowledge of the signs and symptoms of appendicitis can save your life or that of someone who loves you. By treating at the onset of the symptoms, appendicitis is prevented before the appendix bursts its contents, which may result in deadly infections. Most individuals will not get treatment on time, as they confuse appendicitis pains with indigestion, stomach flu, and other diseases that occur frequently.
This guide provides the description of appendicitis, its causes, warning signs, and what treatment can be offered.
What is Appendicitis?
Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, which is a tiny, fingerlike pouch that is connected to the beginning of your large intestine on the lower right side of your belly. There is no known important purpose of the appendix, and some scientists suppose that it has something to do with gut immunity.
In case of appendage blockage and infection, bacteria grow fast inside the appendix and lead to inflammation and swelling. The appendix becomes congested with pus, and there is a buildup of pressure in the organ. In the absence of treatment, an inflamed appendix may burst out releasing the infectious content into your abdominal cavity.
Peritonitis is a severe infection of the abdominal lining, which results in a ruptured appendix and may be fatal. This is the reason why appendicitis needs urgent treatment.
How Common is Appendicitis?
Appendicitis is highly prevalent, with some estimates claiming that it occurs in about 250,000 cases annually in the United States alone. One in every 7 percent of the population will end up with appendicitis at some time in their lifetime, making it one of the commonest causes of emergency abdominal surgery.
The condition may arise at any age, though it is largely common among teenagers and young adults. Appendicitis is found a little more frequently in males than in females, and men are at risk of having appendicitis approximately 1.4 times more often in a lifetime.
What are the Early Signs of Appendicitis?
Early identification of the symptoms of appendicitis enables it to be treated early before complications arise.
The initial symptom is a painful stomach. The pain would normally start either in the belly button (around the) or the upper abdomen. This initial pain is, in most instances, vague and hard to localize. After hours, the pain spreads to the lower right abdomen, where it rests on the site of the appendix.
Anorexia is, in the vast majority of cases, early. You might also become uninterested in food, although you might be hungry prior to the onset of the symptoms.
The pain is followed by nausea. You might have a stomach-ache, or have upsets. There are also others who have vomiting, but not everywhere.
The fever might be low-grade, which usually manifests itself in inflammation. The temperature should start between 99 -100°F. More fevers imply rupture or deep-rooted infection.
Diagnosis is dependent on the order of symptoms. The common pattern of appendicitis is as follows: the abdominal pain is the first, then the lack of appetite, then nausea and vomiting, and lastly fever.
What are the Symptoms of Appendicitis?
The symptoms increase in severity and specificity as the appendicitis advances.
- The most notable appendicitis symptom, which is noticeable, is the abdominal pain of severe nature in the lower right abdomen. The pain of appendicitis does not go away, but increases during movement, coughing, or pressure towards the locality. It becomes difficult to walk and ride a car.
- The typical symptom that is used by the doctor during examination is the presence of rebound tenderness. The pain is sharpened further because it goes hand in hand with the lower right abdomen, but it is relieved abruptly.
- Inflammation leads to the development of abdominal rigidity. The stomach muscles would automatically contract to cushion the swollen part. Perhaps there is abdominal hardness.
- Failure to pass gas or have a bowel movement the inflammation affects the intestinal functions. You are either constipated or bloated.
- When the inflamed appendix is close to the bladder or ureter, painful urination may be experienced. In other instances, this symptom may be confused with an infection of the urinary tract.
- As the infection advances, the fever increases up to 100-101 degrees F. An additional increase in fever above 101 degrees can be a sign of rupture.
What Causes Appendicitis?
Knowledge of appendicitis can be used to explain the occurrence of this condition.
In the majority of cases, obstruction of the appendix opening is the main reason. The blockage of the narrow tube that connects the appendix to the intestine results in the bacteria caught inside multiplying very fast, leading to infection and inflammation.
Feces can solidify and form a rock-like material called a fecalith. This solid lump obstructs the opening of the appendix, leading to the inability to drain normally. In the case of appendicitis, fecaliths can be found in approximately 30 to 40 percent of cases.
The appendix may be blocked by the swelling of the lymphoid tissue. The appendix is filled with lymphoid tissue that is used in fighting infections. The inflammation of this tissue due to infection (viral or bacterial) in other parts of the body can obstruct the outlet of the appendix.
Obstruction occurs occasionally with foreign bodies. Things such as seeds, undigested food particles, or other small objects may also get stuck in the appendix opening, although this is rare.
Though rare, tumors may block the appendix. Both benign and malignant growths may clog the opening, resulting in inflammation.
Is Appendicitis Genetic?
Appendicitis is rather weakly clustered in the family, which implies the possibility of genetic influences. In case a close relative has experienced appendicitis, then you are slightly at risk.
Research has shown there to be a genetic contribution of about 30 percent to the risks of appendicitis. Appendicitis is not perceived to be a hereditary disease in the classical meaning of the word, though there are genetic factors that contribute to its development.
Is Stress a Cause of Appendicitis?
Appendicitis does not occur directly due to stress. This does not come about due to psychological reasons but a physical blockage and an infection by bacteria.
Can Food Cause Appendicitis?
Appendicitis is not caused by a particular food. The belief that taking seeds or popcorn kernels would make one have appendicitis is a myth.
The indirect factor can also be eating. The problematic diets may be low-fiber, which leads to harder stool and the development of fecalith. Certain researches indicate that high fiber populations lower the rates of appendicitis.
Appendicitis Diagnosis: How is Appendicitis Diagnosed?
To arrive at the correct diagnosis, clinical evaluation, physical examination, and regular imaging studies are legitimate.
The diagnostic process is initiated by the first phases of medical history and examination of symptoms. At the request of your doctor, he inquires of you regarding the site of pain, time of pain, the course of pain, and any related symptoms.
On the physical examination, abdominal tenderness and inflammation are the key points. Your doctor palpates your abdomen so that he can rule out pain, rigidity, and rebound tenderness.
What are the Tests that can diagnose appendicitis?
A blood test is conducted with the objective of identifying the quantity of white blood cells and inflammatory factors. The infection is evidenced by a high level of white blood cells.
Urinalysis eliminates the possibility of urinary tract infection and kidney stones that can be associated with similar symptoms.
Ultrasound is most often an initial test of imaging in children and pregnant women in particular.
In adults, a CT scan is the best imaging study to use in identifying appendicitis, as the sensitivity and specificity are over 95%.
In rare cases, MRI is used in pregnant women to determine the outcome of the ultrasound scan.
How is the Treatment of Appendicitis performed?
Appendicitis is almost always treated by an appendectomy.
Laparoscopy is desirable in most cases for appendectomy. Surgeons make a number of small holes and operate with the help of a camera and special tools to remove the appendix.
A better midline is applied in the lower right abdomen in an open appendectomy. This is the method that is employed when the appendix has burst or when laparoscopy surgery is not an option.
Antibiotic administration before and after the operation is aimed at avoiding complications, as well as treating infection.
The method of recovery is time-dependent. When it comes to the basic laparoscopy in the case of appendectomy, most patients are back to regular functioning in one to three weeks. Full healing requires four to six weeks under open surgery.
The simple ones remain no more than two days in the hospital.
How do I know when I may need medical attention for appendicitis?
Should the intensive abdominal pain manifest itself, and it is most likely to be in the lower right abdomen, then call an ambulance. Appendicitis is a health emergency that should be evaluated and treated immediately.
An emergency room would be needed in case of abdominal pain with fever, nausea, vomiting, or impaction of the stomach.
Pain should not be taken prior to medical examination since this may conceal symptoms and make it difficult to diagnose.
With children, emergency treatment is to be consulted in case of an abdominal pain-related fever with a child refusing to eat or even reducing his or her level of activity than usual.
Conclusion
Appendicitis is a typical surgical emergency that has to be recognized and treated immediately. The common presentation is the presence of pains in the abdomen that begin around the belly button and go all the way to the lower abdomen on the right-hand side, then loss of appetite, nausea, and fever set in.
Clinical assessment, examination, and imaging can be used as the method of diagnosis. The surgery entails the removal of the appendix, which cures the situation, thus preventing complications.
In case you have signs and symptoms of having appendicitis, do not ignore them, but call an ambulance. The earliest prevention of rupture and optimum results are attained.
Conscious Medicine is a metro Atlanta-based integrated and holistic care provider. Dr. Truc Nguyen has more than 15 years of experience in the field of functional medicine and takes time to listen and know the root cause of health problems.
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